DEMOGRAPHIC SIZE

Provincial Population by City/Municipality
The province of Oriental Mindoro posted a total population of 844,059 for the censal year 2015. Among all LGUs, Calapan city has the highest percent of population share accounting to 15.86 percent followed by Naujan with 12.20 percent. Pinamalayan falls on the third rank in the province with a total population of 86,172 or 10.21 percent share.  As an adjacent town to Calapan City, the population of Naujan will probably grow as this may become the spill over area of the said city. In the case of Pinamalayan, despite being a two-hour drive from the city, the data show that this municipality is already a growth center.

Moreover, Oriental Mindoro posted a growth rate of 1.38 percent from 2010 to 2015. Among its constituents, Bulalacao had the highest population growth rate with 2.84 percent followed by the municipalities of San Teodoro (2.40 percent), and Puerto Galera (2.28 percent).  Tourism development was suspected to be one of the significant factors affecting population growth of these three municipalities.

Pinamalayan, on the other hand, posted a growth rate of 1.03 percent which is lower compared to the province and other. On the other hand, the growth rate of Pinamalayan is higher than its neighboring towns such as Pola (0.97 percent) and Socorro (0.37 percent), but lower than Gloria (1.35 percent). This means that in the recent years, while there has been significant development in Pinamalayan, population growth slows down compared with other growing municipalities in the province. In fact, the APGR is even lower than the provincial growth rate by 0.35 percent.

Historical Population Growth
From 1990 to 2015, the population growth of Pinamalayan continuously increased. In a span of 25 years, population increased by 27,709, with year 2000 having the largest increase. Between sexes, increase in population is higher in males than females except in year 2015. Table shows the historical growth of population from 1990 to 2015.

On the other hand, despite the increase in population, the trend shows that the growth rate of the municipality decreased. This is also true for the provincial, regional, and national levels. The biggest growth rate of the municipality occurred between 1990 and 1995 at 2.32 percent increase while the lowest growth rate occurred between 2000 and 2007 with 0.65 percent decrease. In 2010, population growth rate of Pinamalayan was higher than the national level but lower than the provincial and regional levels.

Crude Birth and Death Rates
Aside from immigration and emigration, population size is primarily affected by births and deaths. From 2015 to 2017 both crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) decreased. While on 2018, there was an increase in both CBR and CDR, then a decrease in 2019. The rate of natural increase (RNI), which refers to population growth excluding migration, ranges from 7 to 10 additional individuals for every 1,000 population. Table shows that there are more births than deaths in the municipality for the past five years. Moreover, between CBR and CDR, the first has a sharper decline.

Urbanization Level for the Past 25 Years
Urbanization usually follows along population growth. In the past 25 years, level of urbanization in the municipality increased and is higher than the provincial level particularly in years 2000, 2010, and 2015. The tempo or speed of its urbanization varies. Pinamalayan exhibited negative tempo of urbanization in 1995 and 2007. This means that in those years, rural population increased. Table shows the following data.

DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

Population Per Barangay
According to the PSA 2015 Census of Population, Pinamalayan has a total population of 86,172. Barangay Papandayan has the highest population with 6,597 residents accounting to 7.66 percent share of the total population. This is followed by Wawa with 5,855 residents with 6.79 percent, and Marfrancisco with 5,787 residents comprising 6.72 percent . On the contrary, barangay Malaya is the least populated barangay with only 811 residents. Following are Barangay Ranzo with 973 residents and Pambisan Munti with 1,044 residents.

Household Size
There were 19,551 households recorded during the PSA 2015 Census of Population. Similar to barangay population, Papandayan has the most number of households with a total of 1,428 followed by Marfrancisco with 1,359, and Wawa with 1,073. Average household size ranges from 4 to 5 composed by the parents and two to three offspring.

Urban-Rural Distriubtion
Table also shows the distribution of urban and rural barangays. Of the 37 barangays, 28 are considered rural with an aggregate population of 51,640. This is almost 60% of the total number of population residing in the municipality. The rest resides in urban areas composing of nine barangays with an aggregate population of 34,532.

Population Density
Table show the population density of barangays. The data shows that more people are concentrated in urban barangays. Barangay Wawa is the most densely populated, followed by Zone I, Zone IV, Zone III, and Zone II. On the other hand, Sabang is the least dense barangay. In the future, congestion is most likely to happen in urban barangays as indicated by the computation of population density. This can be attributed to the limited area of said barangays which is only less than 35 hectares each. It is suggested that the distribution of basic social services in rural barangays should be improved to disperse the population.

Barangay Growth Rate
Table also indicates that Wawa (8.22) has the leading population growth rate from 2010 to 2015 followed by Cacawan (4.61%), Bacungan (2.48%), and Guinhawa (2.06%). Barangays Anoling, Del Razon, Lumambayan, Malaya and Zone I have declining growth rates.

POPULATION PROJECTION

Population Projection
Based from the average growth rate of Pinamalayan from 1990 to 2015 which is 1.64, the doubling time will be 42 years. Table shows that by 2057, the municipality will have 30,050 households and a total population of 132,520.

Projection by Barangay
Among the 37 barangays, Papandayan is expected to have the highest population in the year 2,045, followed by Wawa and Marfrancisco with a projected population of 8,971, 7,962, and 7,870 respectively. During the doubling time, the population of Papandayan is estimated to reach 10,145, Wawa will reach 9,004 and Marfrancisco will reach 8,900. At present, these three are the most populous barangays. Furthermore, population in urban barangays will reach 53,105 while rural barangays will reach 79,415. The same increasing trend applies at present. For more specific population projections

POPULATION COMPOSITION

Population Composition
Finding out the population composition is vital in determining the demand of socio-economic services that are specific to a particular age group. Table shows the population of different age groups by sex. School going population is at 32,710 where in there are more males than females. The particularly high population of preschoolers is also notable.

Among all school levels, elementary level has the greatest number of individuals at 10,534. Working age population has a total population of 48,863. About 60 individuals per 100 population are depending on the working age group. Out of the total dependents, child dependency ratio is at 50 per 100 population which is higher than old dependency ratio at 10 per 100 population.

Projection by Barangay
Among the 37 barangays, Papandayan is expected to have the highest population in the year 2,045, followed by Wawa and Marfrancisco with a projected population of 8,971, 7,962, and 7,870 respectively. During the doubling time, the population of Papandayan is estimated to reach 10,145, Wawa will reach 9,004 and Marfrancisco will reach 8,900. At present, these three are the most populous barangays. Furthermore, population in urban barangays will reach 53,105 while rural barangays will reach 79,415. The same increasing trend applies at present. For more specific population projections

Projected Population by Age-Group
As Table shows, school going population will reach a total population of 55,603 in a span of 30 years. Among the school levels, the elementary level will have the highest population at 17,907 then followed by the secondary level. Moreover, the working age will reach a total population of 83,062 while the dependent population will reach 49,452.

Age and Sex Structure
Table shows the male-female population of Pinamalayan in 2014 and 2018 per age group. It can be observed that male and female population decreased by 3,612 and 2,417, respectively. Among the age groups, ages 10-14 has the most number both in 2014 while ages 5-9 has the most number in 2018. It was also noted that there was a slight decrease in population in ages under 1 in the same years. This may be attributed to decreasing crude birth rate suggesting a gradual change in family size.

The population pyramid is generally young and expansive due to its broad base as shown in Graph DE-8. This means that in the coming years, the population of Pinamalayan will continue to increase. Among the age bracket, 0 to 24 years old represents 50 percent of its total population in year 2018. With regards to sex ratio, male population slightly exceeds female population at a ratio of 102 males per 100 females.

Labor Force
In 2018, persons aging from 15 years old and over comprise the working age population which accounts to 53,563 while members of the labor force accounts to 26,415 in 2018. Out of the total labor force, 17,356 are males and 9,058 are females. About 94 percent are employed wherein majority (95 percent) are males while the rest are females (93 percent). For unemployed individuals, results show that more males are unemployed. Combined, almost 6 percent of the labor force are unemployed. Those who are not members of labor force accounts to 27,148 where 17,828 are females.The same trend is exhibited in year 2014. For reference, data is shown in table.

Overseas Filipino Workers
In 2008, there were 4,365 Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) from Pinamalayan where there were slightly more females. In a span of ten years, it decreased to 1,446 where there are still more females. OFWs constituted 4 percent of the employed municipal labor force.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

Highest Educational Attainment
Majority of the population are high school or secondary level graduates of old curriculum, followed by those who finished college. High school graduates of old curriculum comprised 9,866 or 13.93 percent and college graduates reached to 7,463 or 10.54 percent, majority were females. This indicates an educated populace which can be attributed to free education in public schools. Those who did not have any educational level completed comprised only 1.62 percent of the population. Data is summarized in table.

Mother Tongue/ Ethnicity
As shown in Table, Tagalog is the most common and predominant language/dialect used by the Pinamaleños. However, certain ethnic groups when among themselves speak their respective dialects such as Bikol, Bisaya, Sibuyan Mangyan, Tau-Buid, Ilocano and Waray, among others.

Population of Indigenous People
Sabang and Marayos has the highest number of indigenous people with 885 and 121 individuals, respectively, while a total of 24 are accounted in other barangays. There are two kinds of ethnic groups that can be found in Pinamalayan, the Tau-buid which comprises the majority, and the Tadyawan. Overall, there are 1,033 indigenous peoples majority are males in the municipality in 2018.

Population Distribution of Indigenous People
Table below shows the male-female population of Indigenous People of Pinamalayan in 2014 and 2018 per age group. It can be observed that male and female population decreased by 145 and 118, respectively. Among the age groups, ages 5-9 has the most number both in 2014 and 2018. It was also noted that there was a slight decrease in population in ages under 1 in the same years. This may be attributed to decreasing crude birth rate suggesting a gradual change in family size.

At present, the Tadyawan Tribe has a Sitio Leader, that also takes the role of being the Tanungan, and a Gurangon, which they also refer to as the same as Aplaki and Kuyay. They choose their leader based on their skills in healing and how they interact with the community and to other people. After two years of being a leader, elders in the community will discuss the performance of their tribe leader and decide whether he/she is to be replaced. As for the Tau-Buid tribe, they also have the Sityo Leader that serve as representative for them in different meetings with other Mangyan tribes and non-IP groups. Their Sityo Leader at the present is Makiling Marugway. They also have the magurang that also serves as a leader of the community.

Every 9th of May is considered as the feast day of the Tadyawan Tribe in Pinamalayan. Here, they prepare food and go to church as part of their celebration. For marriage ceremonies, the couple will be married first in their tribe, headed by their tribe leader or their parents if their parents are knowledgeable about the traditional process of marriage. Then, they are to be married at the church. A ritual is also done to know if the marriage will be successful through slicing the neck of a chicken. If the chicken looks up at the sky after being sliced, then the marriage life will be successful.

During October, a day is set aside by the Tau-Buid Tribe for the thanksgiving of their harvest. There is another celebration at the end of the harvest. The outstanding features of these celebrations are singing and hearing of the message from their pastor. All the members of the tribe are involved in the singing. For the smooth flow of the program, there will be a list of names who will perform the singing. Another celebration of the tribe is during the end/beginning of the new year that also involves singing.

The Tau-Buid tribe practices the Kaingin system in farming, a local technology that was passed from one generation to another. In farming, they use the bugsok, a pointed wood with palay at the end for seed planting. The tribe uses the pakati system in fishing with the use of a basket.

Registered Voters
Based on the records of COMELEC, Pinamalayan has a total of 47,696 registered voters for May 13, 2019 national and local elections representing 11.08 percent increase as compared to the 42,694 registered voters in 2016 national and local elections. Barangay Papandayan has highest number of registered voters (3,346) while Barangay Malaya has the lowest number of registered voters (523). Table below also shows that the municipality has more listed females voters than males.

Religious Affiliations
Roman Catholics constitute the biggest single group within the municipality while Iglesia ni Cristo comes in second. Other religious affiliations include Alliance of Bible Christian Communities of the Philippines, Bible Baptist Church, Christian Missions in the Philippines, Church of Christ, Filipino Assemblies of the First Born, Incorporated, Seventh Day Adventist, Southern Baptist Church, Other Protestants. There are also 205 individuals who have no religion.

Religious Establishments
In total, there are 126 religious establishments in the municipalit. Majority these are Catholic churches or chapels. Based from key informant interviews (KII), churches are also used as evacuation centers during calamities, aside from schools and barangay facilities. There are 29 churches used as evacuation centers.

Marital Status
Single or never married persons, as Table below indicates, accounted for 25,541 persons or 41.66 percent of the total population 10 years and over, while married persons constituted for 24,190 persons or 39.46 percent. The rest, such as widowed, divorced/separated, common law/live-in and unknown constitute to 11,576 persons or 18.88 percent.

Poverty Situation
Poverty Threshold
According to the 2018 CBMS survey, 42.90 percent of the households or equivalent to 8,133 are considered income poor or below poverty threshold. Of the barangays, Papandayan has the greatest number of households considered as poor with 841 households while Zone IV has the lowest number with 12 households. Meanwhile, Bacungan has the highest proportion of income poor with 80.39 percent while the Zone IV has the lowest proportion with 6 percent.

Food Threshold
For the subsistence situation, there were about 29.99 percent or equivalent to 5,684 households. Of the barangays, Papandayan has the greatest number of households below food threshold with 679 households while Zone IV has the lowest number with 8 households. Meanwhile, Bacungan has the highest proportion of below food threshold with 62.18 percent while the Zone IV has the lowest proportion with 4 percent.

Food Shortage
For the food shortage situation, there were about 1.61 percent or equivalent to 306 household. Of the barangays, Papandayan has the greatest number of households who experience food shortage with 95 households followed by Marfrancisco, Del Razon and Marayos with 51, 55 and 20 households respectively. Meanwhile, Papandayan has the highest proportion of household that experienced food shortage with 6.84 percent followed by Del Razon, Marayos and Marfrancisco with 6.20 percent, 5.09 percent and 4.42 percent, respectively.

POPULATION EXPOSURE AND RISK TO HAZARD

Population Exposure and Risk to Hazard
Around 10,525 households are exposed to flood. This subjects 44,319 individuals or 53 percent of the total population to peril. Of which, 35 percent of the households are exposed to high susceptibility, 45 percent are exposed to moderate susceptibility, and the rest at 20 percent are exposed to low susceptibility. Furthermore, based on the results of the Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA), most of the barangays have individuals that are highly at risk to flood as shown in Graph DE-10. Only a few are at moderate risk while there are no individuals categorized in low risk. Individuals at high risk are usually residents below poverty threshold, informal settlers, people living in makeshift housing, and those who have no access to financial assistance or evacuation centers.

On the other hand, approximately 8,623 households are exposed to landslide which amounts to 37,402 individuals or 45 percent of the total population. Out of the total population exposed to landslide, 4 percent falls to high susceptibility, 11 percent to moderate susceptibility, and 84 percent to low susceptibility.

Unlike population risk to flood, only a few individuals are highly at risk to landslide. These individuals are residents of barangays Banilad, Buli, Calingag, Guinhawa, Malaya, Nabuslot, Pili, Ranzo, and Sabang. Few individuals have moderate risk while majority are categorized as low risk.