Pinamalayan is located at the center of Oriental Mindoro.  It is around 118 km from Puerto Galera, the northernmost town of the province; 68 km from Calapan City, the capital of Oriental Mindoro and its major entrance point from Manila; around 56 km from the town of Roxas, entrance point from the Philippines southern provinces and 120 km from Bulalacao, Oriental Mindoro southernmost town.

The town of Pinamalayan is bounded in the north by the towns of Socorro and Pola; in the west by the Province of Occidental Mindoro; in the south by the Town of Gloria and in the east by Tablas Strait.  Except Occidental Mindoro, national and provincial road networks connect Pinamalayan with other local government units.  Tablas Straits separates Pinamalayan with the Province of Marinduque and the towns of Concepcion and Bantuin, Romblon but all are accessible by passenger boats which have daily regular trips from either point.

Local Topography is generally plain excepting areas edging the boundary with the town of Pola which are hilly and mountainous.  Westward from Maningcol-Rosario-Malaya area to   the boundary with Occidental Mindoro is likewise hilly or rolling plains.

Soil types of Pinamalayan are San Manuel, Luisiana and Maranlig soil series.  These are suitable to a wide variety of crops.

Climate falls under climatic type III which has no very pronounced maximum rain period with a short dry season lasting from one to three months.  Northeast monsoon prevails from August to March.  It is east to northeast in April, southeast in May and June and easterly in October.

Pinamalayan has a total land area of 27, 800 hectares. It is composed of 37 barangays, 9 of these are coastal barangays. It has a total coastal length of around 24 kilometers characterized by around 7 kilometer rocky shoreline from Barangay Pili to Barangay. Ranzo.  Agricultural land is around 19,440.95 hectares or 69.93% of the total land area of the municipality.  Built up and Industrial areas are 394.35 hectares or 1.44% and 6.0 hectares or .02%, respectively.Forest land is 6,083.50 hectares or 21.88%, Open Grasslands is 1,492.20 hectares or 5.37% and Watersheds is 383 hectares or 1.38% of Pinamalayan’s land area.